Association of racism and substance use treatment with belief in the myth of an American Indian/Alaska Native biological vulnerability to alcohol problems.

OBJECTIVES: Belief in an American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) specific biological vulnerability (BV) to alcohol problems is associated with worse alcohol outcomes among AIANs. Despite a notable lack of evidence that biogenetic factors play a greater role in the development of alcohol problems among AIANs than other groups, many people still believe this myth. Consistent with theory and evidence that greater experiences with discrimination leads to the internalization of stereotypes and oppression, we hypothesized that greater perceived racial discrimination (racism) would be associated with greater BV belief, but that having a stronger ethnic identity would weaken this association. We also examined whether previous substance use treatment as well as participation in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) or Narcotics Anonymous (NA) was associated with BV belief. METHOD: Participants were 198 reservation-dwelling AI adults with a substance use problem who completed a survey as part of a larger community-based participatory study. RESULTS: A multiple regression analysis revealed that greater systemic racism was associated with greater belief in a BV; this association was not moderated by ethnic identity. Greater interpersonal racism was also associated with greater BV belief-but only among those low in ethnic identity. A regression analysis revealed that previous treatment, AA, and NA participation were not associated with BV belief. CONCLUSIONS: Greater systemic and interpersonal racism were associated with belief in a BV, and greater ethnic identity buffered the association between interpersonal racism and BV belief. This suggests that both combatting racism and fostering positive ethnic identity may help to lessen BV belief. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

El mito del nacimiento del héroe / Mythe de la naissance du héros / The myth of the birth of the hero

El autor recorre el pensamiento freudiano acerca de los mitos en general, y el mito del nacimiento del héroe en particular. Pone de manifiesto la relación entre la novela familiar del neurótico y dicho mito, a la vez que recorre otros textos en los que Freud expresa su visión de este mito como expresión de deseos profundos tanto ontogénicos como filogenéticos. (AU)

The author traces Freudian thinking about myths in general, and the myth of the birth of the hero in particular. He exposes the relationship between the neurotic’s family romance and this very myth, while going through other texts in which Freud expresses his vision of the myth of the birth of the hero as an expression of deep desires both, ontogenic and phylogenetic. (AU)

L’auteur voyage à travers la pensée freudienne á propos des mythes en général et du mythe de la Naissance du Héros en particulier. Il met en évidence la relation entre le roman familial du névrosé et ce mythe en parcourant d’autres textes dans lesquels Freud exprime sa vision sur le mythe de la naissance du héros comme une expression de profonds désirs à la fois ontogéniques et phylogénétiques. (AU)

O olhar da Medusa: reflexões sobre crack e internação compulsória / The gaze of Medusa: thoughts on crack and compulsory hospitalization / La mirada de la Medusa: reflexiones sobre crack e internación obligatoria

Este ensaio trata de uma discussão teórico-crítica sobre o dispositivo de internação compulsória, especificamente nos casos relacionados ao uso de crack. A construção teórica partirá de algumas reflexões sobre o olhar do outro como parte integrante desse fenômeno, através de uma analogia com o mito da Medusa. A análise terá como base a perspectiva existencialista de Jean-Paul Sartre, trazendo para a discussão o contexto neoliberalista, liberdade, campo dos possíveis, má-fé, estigma e o ser-para-outro. Dessa discussão, emerge o questionamento da internação compulsória como medida de tratamento para pessoas que fazem uso de crack. Essas pessoas, sob o olhar do outro, já têm suas possibilidades barradas em função do uso da substância, sendo que a imposição desse tratamento culmina em seu assujeitamento e objetificação

This essay is about a theoretical-critical discussion about the compulsory hospitalization device, specifically in cases related to the use of crack. The theoretical development will start from some thoughts about the gaze of the other as an integrating part of this phenomena, through the analogy with the Medusa myth. The analysis will have as a basis the existentialist perspective of Jean-Paul Sartre, bringing to the discussion the neoliberalist context, freedom, possible fields, bad faith, stigma and being-for-others. From this discussion, the debate of compulsory hospitalization as an action of treatment for people who use crack emerges. These people, under the gaze of the other, already have their opportunities restrained as a result of the use of the substance, since the imposition of this treatment culminates in their antipersonification and objectification

Este ensayo trata de una discusión teórico-crítica sobre el dispositivo de internación obligatoria, específicamente en los casos relacionados con el uso de crack. La construcción teórica partirá de algunas reflexiones sobre la mirada del otro como parte integrante de ese fenómeno, a través de una analogía con el mito de la Medusa. El análisis tendrá como base la perspectiva existencialista de Jean-Paul Sartre, trayendo para la discusión el contexto neoliberalista, libertad, campo de los posibles, mala fe, estigma y el ser-para-otro. De esta discusión, emerge el cuestionamiento de la internación obligatoria como medida de tratamiento para personas que hacen uso de crack. Esas personas, bajo la mirada del otro, ya tienen sus posibilidades barradas en función del uso de la sustancia, siendo que la imposición de ese tratamiento culmina en su sometimiento y objetivación.

Myths and Knowledge Gaps in the Aesthetic Treatment of Patients With Skin of Color

Background: Misperceptions about facial aesthetic treatments in individuals with skin of color (SOC) may influence treatment selection. Objective: We aimed to identify knowledge gaps and myths concerning facial aesthetic treatment in individuals with SOC. Methods: A PubMed search identified articles concerning patients with SOC receiving facial aesthetic treatments. The experience of experts in aesthetic treatment of patients with SOC was also considered. Results: Knowledge gaps included not seeking injectable filler treatment of lips, risk of developing keloids with injectable filler treatment, risk of hyperpigmentation precluding surgical procedures and nonsurgical injectable filler treatment, melasma being a minor cosmetic concern with limited treatments, and racial/ethnic groups being homogeneous with respect to facial characteristics and aesthetic concerns. Dispelled myths included perceptions that: individuals with SOC do not need sunscreen; dermal fillers and neuromodulators are not necessary or useful for patients with darker skin; laser treatments cannot be used on darker skin; facial products are unnecessary; and only medical providers with SOC can understand how to treat patients with SOC. Conclusions: Knowledge gaps and myths concerning facial aesthetic treatment in individuals with SOC exist. These patients may undergo various facial aesthetic procedures safely and effectively, as long as nuances in treatment approaches are recognized. J Drugs Dermatol. 2019;18(7):616-622.

To confront versus not to confront: women's perception of sexual harassment / Enfrentarse o no: la percepción del acoso sexual por parte de la mujer

Current research has postulated that sexual harassment is one of the most serious social problems. Perceptions of sexual harassment vary according to some factors: gender, context, and perceiver’s ideology. The strategies most commonly used by women to cope with harassment range from avoiding or ignoring the harasser to confronting the harasser or reporting the incident. The aim of this study was to explore women’s perception of sexual harassment, and to assess the implications of different victim responses to harassment. A total of 138 women were administered a questionnaire where the type of harassment, and victim response were manipulated. Moreover, the influence of ideological variables (i.e. ambivalent sexism and the acceptance of myths of sexual harassment) on perception was assessed. Results show perception of sexual harassment was lower in gender harassment than in unwanted sexual attention and participants believed women who confronted their harasser would be evaluated negatively by men. Furthermore, effects of ideology on perception of harassment were found. The results underscore the complexities involved in defining certain behaviours as harassment, and the implications of different victim responses to harassment (AU)

La investigación actual postula que el acoso sexual es uno de los problemas sociales más graves. La percepción de acoso varía de acuerdo a factores como: género, contexto e ideología del perceptor. Las estrategias más utilizadas por las mujeres para hacer frente al acoso van desde evitar o ignorar al acosador hasta enfrentarse a él o denunciarlo. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar la percepción de las mujeres sobre el acoso sexual, y evaluar las implicaciones de las diferentes respuestas de las víctimas de acoso. A 138 mujeres se les administró un cuestionario en el que el tipo de acoso y la respuesta de la víctima, fueron manipulados. Además, se evaluó la influencia del sexismo ambivalente y la aceptación de los mitos de acoso sexual en la percepción. Los resultados muestran que la percepción de acoso sexual fue menor en el acoso de género que en la atención sexual no deseada y las participantes creen que las mujeres que confrontan el acoso serán evaluadas negativamente por los hombres. Además, se encontraron efectos de la ideología sobre la percepción de acoso. Los resultados ponen de relieve las complejidades involucradas en la definición de ciertos comportamientos como el acoso y las implicaciones de las diferentes respuestas a las víctimas de acoso (AU)

Por onde andam os heróis? / Where are the heroes?

Este artigo aborda a existência do herói, na atualidade, por meio de contraponto com o herói clássico que tinha como princípio o amor à vida ou a honra de seu ser. Percorre dois marcos decisivos para a alteração da concepção do heroico, ou seja, a democracia grega e os novos valores que propiciam a construção de políticas excludentes do sujeito, especialmente a partir da modernidade, repercutindo decisivamente na constituição da subjetividade contemporânea e nas relações entre os homens. A psicanálise é oaporte teórico nessa leitura do social. Mediante a análise das novas formas discursivas da atualidade, concluiu-se que o herói se caracteriza como ídolo de barro, desprovido de honra, vergonha e desbussolado, na crença de que tudo é possível e de que é preciso gozar sem limites

This article discusses the existence of the hero, nowadays, by means of counterpoint with the classic hero, whose principle was the love of life or the honor of his being. It goes through two decisive milestones for the change in the conception of the heroic, that is, Greek democracy and the new values that propitiate the construction of exclusionary policies of the subject, especially from modernity, having a decisive repercussion on the constitution of contemporary subjectivity and relations between men. Psychoanalysis is the theoretical contribution in this reading of the social. Through the analysis of the new discursive forms of the present time, it was concluded that the hero is characterized as a clay idol, devoid of honor, shame and bewilderment, in the belief that everything is possible and that it is necessary to enjoy without limits

Cet article discute l'existence d'un héros actuel, contrepoint du héros classique dont le principe est l'amour de la vie ou encore l'honneur de son être. Cette transformation passe par deux moments décisifs avant d'atteindre la conception actuelle de l'acte héroïque, il s'agit de la démocratie grecque et des nouvelles valeurs qui favorisent la construction de politiques d'exclusion du sujet, notamment la modernité, dont la répercussion est décisive sur la constitution de la subjectivité contemporaine et dans les relations humaines. La psychanalyse apporte une contribution théorique à cette lecture sociale. Ceci au moyen de l'analyse des nouvelles formes discursives. On a ainsi conclu que le héros actuel se caractérise comme idole d'argile dépourvue d'honneur et de honte, désorientée, croyant que tout est possible et qu'il est nécessaire de jouir sans limite

Fluidity models in ancient Greece and current practices of sex assignment.

Disorders of sexual differentiation such as androgen insensitivity and gonadal dysgenesis can involve an intrinsic fluidity at different levels, from the anatomical and biological to the social (gender) that must be considered in the context of social constraints. Sex assignment models based on George Engel's biopsychosocial aspects model of biology accept fluidity of gender as a central concept and therefore help establish expectations within the uncertainty of sex assignment and anticipate potential changes. The biology underlying the fluidity inherent to these disorders should be presented to parents at diagnosis, an approach that the gender medicine field should embrace as good practice. Greek mythology provides many accepted archetypes of change, and the ancient Greek appreciation of metamorphosis can be used as context with these patients. Our goal is to inform expertise and optimal approaches, knowing that this fluidity may eventually necessitate sex reassignment. Physicians should provide sex assignment education based on different components of sexual differentiation, prepare parents for future hormone-triggered changes in their children, and establish a sex-assignment algorithm.

O Projeto Mais Médicos para o Brasil e a construção de mitos: uma leitura bartheana / The More Doctors in Brazil Project and the construction of myths: a Barthean reading / El Proyect "Más Médicos para Brasil" y la construcción de mitos: una lectura bartheana

O Projeto Mais Médicos para o Brasil (PMMB) tenciona prover recursos humanos para o Sistema Único de Saúde por meio da melhoria da infraestrutura da rede de saúde; da ampliação das reformas educacionais dos cursos de Medicina e residência médica; e da provisão de médicos para áreas vulneráveis. A implantação do projeto enfrentou reações contrárias à proposta, envolvendo principalmente as instituições médicas do país. Inspirados no conceito de mito, realizamos uma leitura dos discursos com que o Conselho Federal de Medicina sustentou o debate, por meio da análise do Jornal Medicina durante os primeiros 24 meses da implantação do PMMB. O mito é revelador de como práticas discursivas introduzem no imaginário coletivo alegorias que demarcam espaços ideológicos e permite analisar o processo de disputa social e das condições históricas de formulação e implantação de um programa governamental.

The aim of the More Doctors in Brazil Project (MDBP) is to supply human resources to the Brazilian National Health System by improving the infrastructure of the healthcare network; expanding educational reforms in medical courses and residencies; and supplying physicians to vulnerable areas. The implementation of the MDBP faced strong opposition, especially from Brazilian medical institutions. Inspired by the concept of "myth," the present study conducted a reading of the discourse used by the Brazilian Federal Board of Medicine to support its arguments, by analyzing editions of the Medicina newletter published by the Board in the first 24 months of the project's implementation. The myth reveals how discursive practices introduce allegories into the collective imagery that define ideological spaces and enable an analysis of the process of social dispute and the historical conditions behind the formulation and implementation of a government program.

El objetivo del proyecto "Más Médicos para Brasil" (PMMB) es proporcionar recursos humanos para el Sistema Brasileño de Salud, por medio de la mejora de la infraestructura de la red de salud, de la ampliación de las reformas educativas de los cursos de Medicina y residencia médica y de la provisión de médicos para áreas vulnerables. La implantación del proyecto enfrentó reacciones contrarias a la propuesta, envolviendo principalmente a las instituciones médicas do país. Inspirados en el concepto de mito, realizamos una lectura de los discursos con que el Consejo Federal de Medicina sostuvo el debate, por medio del análisis del Jornal Medicina durante los primeros 24 meses de introducción del PMMB. El mito es un factor revelador de como las prácticas discursivas introducen en el imaginario colectivo alegorías que demarcan espacios ideológicos y permite analizar el proceso de disputa social y de las condiciones históricas de formulación e implantación de un programa gubernamental.

Impactos que geram impasse frente à vulnerabilidade psicossocial / Impacts that generate impasses in face of psychosocial vulnerability

O artigo utiliza o mito de Sísifo para ilustrar o trabalho que um grupo de psicanalistas da SPPA realiza desde 2006 em parceria com a SMED (Secretaria Municipal de Educação da Prefeitura Municipal de Porto Alegre) e, a partir de 2013, com o Projeto Pescar/POA. Apresenta uma contextualização e relato de ambas as experiências através de vinhetas. Salienta que este trabalho, fora dos consultórios, desperta muitas inquietações e sentimentos de impotência. Obriga-nos a sair da posição do saber até a de sentir o desamparo frente à extrema violência. A banalização da violência tenderia a prejudicar nossa escuta? Primo Levi (1988) e Boris Cyrulnik (2009), que sobreviveram aos campos de concentração, nos ensinam a importância da palavra para dar um sentido possível ao sem sentido; destacam a possibilidade de mudar o sentimento íntimo de uma pessoa a partir do relato de suas experiências. Nos grupos de adolescentes, nos encontros com as famílias do Projeto Pescar e nas rodas de conversa com educadores e assessores da SMED, tentamos criar um espaço transicional que favoreça a criação de metáforas possíveis que ampliem a capacidade dos sujeitos de dar conta de seus impasses (Botbol, 2013)(AU)

This article draws upon the myth of Sisyphus to illustrate the work that a group of psychoanalysts of the Psychoanalytic Society of Porto Alegre has been undertaking since 2006 with the City Education Department of Porto Alegre (SMED) and, from 2013 on, with Pescar Project/POA. It presents a contextualization and a report of both experiences through vignettes. This work, outside the offices, often raises feelings of restlessness and powerlessness, demanding us to leave the position of knowing to assume that of feeling the helplessness in face of extreme violence. Could the banalization of violence impair our listening? Primo Levi (1988) and Boris Cyrulnik (2009), who have survived concentration camps, teach us the importance of the word to give a possible meaning to what is meaningless, highlighting the possibility of changing a person's intimate feeling by recounting his/her experiences. In adolescent groups, in the family meetings of Pescar Project and in conversations with SMED educators and assistants, we have tried to create a transitional space that favors the creation of possible metaphors to broaden the ability of subjects to tackle their impasses (Botbol, 2013)(AU)

En este artículo, se utiliza el mito de Sísifo para ilustrar el trabajo que realiza un grupo de psicoanalistas de la SPPA desde 2006 en alianza con la Secretaría Municipal de Educación de la Alcaldía Municipal de Porto Alegre (SMED) y, a partir de 2013, con el Proyecto Pescar, también de Porto Alegre. Se presenta una contextualización y el relato de ambas experiencias por medio de viñetas. Se señala que este trabajo, fuera de los consultorios, despierta muchas inquietudes y sentimientos de impotencia, obligándonos a salir de la posición del saber para experimentar la de sentir el desamparo frente a la extrema violencia. ¿La banalización de la violencia tendería a perjudicar nuestra escucha? Primo Levi (1988) y Boris Cyrulnik (2009), que sobrevivieron a los campos de concentración, nos enseñan la importancia de la palabra para dar un sentido posible al sin sentido. Ellos resaltan la posibilidad de cambiar el sentimiento íntimo de una persona a partir del relato de sus experiencias. En los grupos de adolescentes, en los encuentros con las familias del Proyecto Pescar y en las ruedas de conversación con educadores y asesores de la SMED, intentamos crear un espacio transicional que favorezca la creación de metáforas posibles que amplíen la capacidad de los sujetos de dar cuenta de sus impasses (Botbol, 2013)(AU)

Relações contemporâneas entre o envelhecer, a religião e cultura, sob a luz junguiana dentro da Mitologia Africana / Contemporary relations between aging, religion and culture, under the Jungian light within African Mythology / Relaciones contemporáneas entre el envejecimiento, la religión y la cultura, bajo la luz junguiana dentro de la Mitología Africana

Este trabalho visa a proporcionar, para estudiosos da gerontologia, psicólogos, e profissionais das diversas áreas, uma análise do envelhecimento, da velhice, articulada à questão da religião e cultura, levando em conta os pressupostos da psicologia analítica de Carl Gustav Jung, da mitologia junguiana à mitologia africana, Dessa forma, fornecendo mais uma visão acerca do envelhecimento, ampliando o estudo deste tema, ainda tão desconhecido. Os orixás são aqui vistos como modelos arquetípicos, formas de envelhecimento, que apontam para o processo de individuação descrito na obra de Jung. Tem-se que, à luz da mitologia africana e da psicologia analítica, há interrelação entre as temáticas, trazendo, assim, outra concepção sobre o envelhecimento.

This work aims to provide an analysis of old age, for gerontologists, psychologists, and professionals from different areas, taking into account the assumptions of Carl Gustav Jung 's analytical psychology and Jungian mythology, thus providing another insight about aging, expanding the study of this subject, still so unknown. The orixás are here seen as archetypal models, forms of aging, that point to the process of individuation described in the work of Jung. In the light of African mythology and analytic psychology, there is an interrelation between the themes, bringing another conception about aging.

Este trabajo pretende proporcionar, para estudiosos de la gerontología, psicólogos, y profesionales de las diversas áreas, un análisis de la vejez, teniendo en cuenta los presupuestos de la psicología analítica de Carl Gustav Jung y de la mitología junguiana, de esa forma, proporcionando una visión más sobre el envejecimiento, ampliando el estudio de este tema, aún tan desconocido. Los orixás se ven aquí como modelos arquetípicos, formas de envejecimiento, que apuntan al proceso de individuación descrito en la obra de Jung. Se tiene que, a la luz de la mitología africana y de la psicología analítica, hay interrelación entre las temáticas, trayendo así otra concepción sobre el envejecimiento.

Fire in the mind: changing understandings of fire in Western civilization.

For most of human history, fire has been a pervasive presence in human life, and so also in human thought. This essay examines the ways in which fire has functioned intellectually in Western civilization as mythology, as religion, as natural philosophy and as modern science. The great phase change occurred with the development of industrial combustion; fire faded from quotidian life, which also removed it from the world of informing ideas. Beginning with the discovery of oxygen, fire as an organizing concept fragmented into various subdisciplines of natural science and forestry. The Anthropocene, however, may revive the intellectual role of fire as an informing idea or at least a narrative conceit.This article is part of the themed issue 'The interaction of fire and mankind'.

'Total girlfriend experience': examining marketplace mythologies on sex tourism websites.

The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic content analysis of sex tour websites to understand how sex tours are marketed to potential clients. A total of 380 web pages from 21 sex tour websites were reviewed. The sex tour websites sought to promote privacy and hassle-free travel with a local 'escort' and the opportunity for 'hooks-ups' with no strings attached. Three themes emerged around the description of sex workers: (1) enjoyment and complete acceptance, (2) a 'total girlfriend experience' and (3) exoticisation of the 'Third World' woman. The majority of the sex tourism websites used marketplace mythologies concerning racism, sexism and imperialism to appeal to sex tourists' desires for fantasy experiences, power and domination, and a renewed sense of identity. Legal and STI-related information was largely missing from the websites, and when it was included it was aimed at protecting sex tourists, not sex workers. It is of importance for researchers, social workers and others engaging with sex workers and sexscapes to recognise the power of language, cultural myths and framings and their ability to generate real-world social and health implications.